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世界上已知最古老的恒星图被发现隐藏在中世纪的手稿中_我的网站

A |     The CAS held the first of two planned hearings of the Football Union of Russia and club teams’ appeal of a FIFA/UEFA ban from UEFA competition on Tuesday.,Tuesday’s hearing, taking place in Lausanne, Switzerland, will be followed by a second hearing next Monday by four Russian clubs, including Zenit St. Petersburg, the reigning Russian Premier League champions, challenging their exclusion from UEFA competition.,UEFA ruled in May to bar Russian football clubs from all tournaments, including men’s teams and the women’s team for the FIFA Women’s World Cup 2023. At least for the remainder of the current season, Russian teams have been banned from the UEFA Champions League, Europa League, Europa Conference League, Women’s Champions League, and Youth League. The Russian bid to host the Euro 2028 and/or Euro 2032 events has also been preemptively rejected.,In arbitration filed in March, the Football Union of Russia demanded the immediate reinstatement of all teams for competition, arguing the “irreparable harm” that their exclusion would have on tournaments, including the FIFA World Cup, potential sponsorship losses, loss of experience, and loss of opportunity to compete against opponents of high standard. The Russian side also stressed that for players 30 years old or older, the 2022 World Cup constituted “the last chance of their career to play such a tournament.”,Former Formula One Boss Ecclestone Backs Putin Over Conflict With Ukraine30 June, 12:39 GMT,The football union argued that the International Olympic Committee resolution issued in February demanding that Russian athletes and officials be barred from international competition on which FIFA and UEFA based their decisions was “generic,” “does not refer to any legal provision and is not binding upon FIFA,” and that sporting authorities were acting in a “discriminatory” manner by barring Russian players.,FIFA argued that Russian teams’ presence or absence in the World Cup and the Women’s World Cup was “not guaranteed,” and dismissed the fact that some players would miss out on their last chance for their World Cup play as “irrelevant.” Furthermore, the association argued that “pursuant to CAS jurisprudence, private sports associations have a wide autonomy and margin of discretion when deciding on matters related to the competitions which they organize.” The CAS sided with FIFA and UEFA and rejected Russia’s cases in April, prompting FUR to appeal.,US Hybrid War Against Russia,Rick Sterling, a California-based investigative journalist who has written extensively on doping in sports, said he finds it unlikely that the CAS will rule in Russia's favor despite its case's "excellent arguments," among them the idea that you don't punish athletes for the actions of their nations.,"The US invaded Iraq and there was no denunciation let alone a punishment of athletes. The US, France and others overthrew the Libyan government, leaving a destroyed state, without criticism from the IOC or FIFA. So why are the Russian athletes being punished? One reason is because of built-in bias and prejudice. The IOC and FIFA are dominated by the West. It is very damaging that the IOC issued a recommendation that Russian athletes be discriminated against. This is a violation of the Olympic Charter against national discrimination," Sterling says.,"The US is openly and actively working to undermine Russia's image abroad, including in sports. They probably pre-coordinated the response to the special operation. Russian athletes are victims of the US hybrid war against Russia, as are Ukrainians and Russians," the journalist believes.,Football isn’t the only sport to have suffered from politicized bans instituted by world and national sporting authorities in the wake of the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, with tennis, basketball, hockey, skating and skiing competitions also affected. The arbitrary nature of the prohibitions has been exemplified by their random nature, with Russian athletes barred from FIFA play, for example, but allowed to compete in the 2022 Winter Paralympics, and at the US Open tennis tournament.,Top Tennis Stars in Favour of Penalising Wimbledon Over Ban on Russian Players, Report Says11 May, 11:40 GMT,The bans affecting Russia’s football players are just the latest instance of discrimination against the country’s athletes by international sporting bodies in recent years. In 2020, the CAS stripped Russia of its right to use its name, flag, and anthem at the Olympics and world championship events for two years, largely on the basis of the testimony of Grigory Rodchenkov, the former director of the Russian Anti-Doping Center laboratory-turned-informant to the World Anti-Doping who fled to the United States and testified about an alleged Russian “state-run doping program.” Russian officials denied the allegations and accused Rodchenkov of altering doping probe data of Russian athletes to fit the required narrative.。    2100多年前，古希腊天文学家喜帕恰斯（Hipparchus）绘制了恒星图--在很长一段时间里，这被认为是人类最早的为恒星体指定数字坐标的尝试。但是，尽管它名声在外，这篇论文却只能通过另一位古代天文学家Claudius Ptolemy的著作来了解，他在大约400年后编制了自己的天体清单。而现在，研究人员认为他们已经发现了隐藏在一本中世纪希腊手稿中的喜帕恰斯的失落的历史文件的碎片。本周发表在《天文学史》杂志上的一份关于这一发现的研究报告指出：“这一新证据是迄今为止最权威的证据，使重建喜帕恰斯的星图取得了重大进展。这一发现可以为天文学的历史带来新的启示。”被称为“三角学之父”的喜帕恰斯，通常被认为是古希腊最伟大的天文学家。他的部分星图似乎出现在“Codex CliMaci Rescriptus”中，这是一本叙利亚语文本的书，其中的羊皮纸页被擦掉，可以重新书写，但仍有其早期形式的可见痕迹。这本特殊的重写本存放在埃及西奈半岛的希腊东正教圣凯瑟琳修道院里。来自早期手稿电子图书馆和位于罗切斯特理工学院的拉撒路项目的团队利用不同波长的光揭示了被删除的文字和数字，这种技术被称为多光谱成像。索邦大学和剑桥大学的研究人员随后能够破译四个星座的描述。这似乎不仅揭开了喜帕恰斯制图的面纱，而且研究小组还说新发现的数字证据与真实的恒星坐标高度一致。这将使喜帕恰斯的目录比Ptolemy更晚的版本更加准确，尽管研究人员承认他们使用的是一个小样本，而且在喜帕恰斯的星图中没有保存下来的部分可能存在重大错误。随着先进的数字技术不断恢复因文件损坏和变质或故意删除而丢失的重要文化遗产，科学家们说Codex Climaci Rescriptus可能会揭示出更多喜帕恰斯的恒星观测。

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